The Ethnic Malay Malaysian Nationalism History Essay

The Ethnic Malay Malaysian Nationalism History Essay This phenomena is an example of the social transformation happening right now in Malaysia due to the unequal treatment among the ethnic groups. Malaysia is a multi-cultural nation. The Malays, Chinese and Indians build up the population. However, since the independence of Malaysia, racist policies have been marginalizing the minorities. In this essay, I am going to talk about racist Malay Malaysian Nationalism by tracing the history of formation and development of this country. Multi-cultural Malaysia Malaysia, formerly known as Malaya, located on the Malay Peninsula and the island of Borneo in the Southeast Asia. It has been a multi-ethnic and multi-religious country since its independence in 1957 from the British Occupation. It has a population of 28.8 million consists of the three major ethnic groups: the Malays (61.4%), Chinese (23.7%), Indians (7.1%). (Mose 2010: 285-297). The immigration of the Indians into the Malaya Peninsula is encouraged by the British colonial government in the 19th century. It reached its peak during the rapid expansion of the rubber plantation in 1910s. The Chinese started flushing in since the 19th century to escape from the unstable society in China and seek for better economic opportunities. They made up the main labor force of the tin mining industry until the early 20th century. Whereas, the Malays have started to move into the Malaya Peninsula earlier than during the 14th century from the islands which are known as Indonesian territories today. However, the Malays consider themselves as Bumiputra (sons of the soil) of Malay Peninsula and categorize themselves as the indigenous population. (Saw 2007). The ethnic tensions have been the biggest internal problem of the nation. Several elements have led to the emergence and affirmation of the ethnic Malay Malaysian Nationalism. The Ethnic Malay Malaysian Nationalism How do Malaysians define themselves in terms of nationality and culture? Is that possible to emerge a Malaysian Nationalism purely clean of the racism? In the book Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism, Anderson Benedict (2006) defines nation as an imagined political community. Communities are imagined. It is imagined because the members of even the smallest nation will never know most of their fellow-members, meet them, or even of them, yet in the minds of each lives the image of their communion. Hence, communities are to be distinguished, not by their falsity/genuineness, but by the style in which they are imagined. It is imagined as a community, because, regardless of the actual inequality and exploitation that may prevail in each, the nation is always conceived as a deep, horizontal comradeship. Ultimately it is this fraternity that makes it possible, over the past two centuries, for so many millions of people, not so much to kill, as willingly to die for such limited imaginings. That seems to be a flawless condition that will lead to the stability and peacefulness of a country. The Malaysian Nationalism should be distinguished, not by the skin colour, but the vision to the prosperity of the country shared by the members. However, the civilization of this region since its occupation by colonial power has had a great impact on the way they imagine of the community. Ethnic groups have emerged diversified nationalism as a result of the marginalization by the former colonial governments. Before British colonial occupation was established in the late nineteenth century on the Malayan Peninsula, Malays originated from Indonesia had controlled the underpopulated areas and defined territorial units which resided by Sultan (the rulers). During the early 1800s, the British colonial government opened the doors to the Chinese immigrants when the growing tin mining industry was greatly in need of labor. For a more handy decentralized administration, the British colonial government collaborated with the Malay rulers in each region. The regions were governed under the Malay rulers with the advice by the British agents in return of a certain legal protection. This protection was to ensure the superiority of Malay traditional culture over the increasing population of other ethnic groups as well as the survival of their agricultural economy under the rapid developing modern export economy in the non-Malay and European-populated urban areas. (Mauzy 2006) The British intervention has been intrusive to the development of the ethnic relations. The status and privileges of Malay has been affirmed, thus a new nationalism has been arisen among the Malay community. According to Roffs classic analysis, organised Islamic fervour during the early 1900s, a secular,but still traditional resistance waged by privileged aristocrats beginning in the late 1920s, and a surge in Malay radicalism during the 1930s. (Roff, 1974) Japanese occupation has made exacerbated the existing ethnic tension by the extremely brutal treatment to the Chinese. Before Japanese landed on the Malay Peninsula, Malaysian Chinese has been resented by the renowned Nanking Massacre which killed approximately 250,000 to 300,000 Chinese in 1937 in China. (Rummel, 2002) During the invasion of Malay Peninsula, Japanese treated Malaysian Chinese exceptionally harshly to undermine the funding support to the resistance in China. Being in a tough situation, the Chinese had had the most members in the resistance groups. In contrast, Japanese occupation encouraged the Malay nationalism by reaffirming their identity of Bumiputra, the superiority of Malay of then region. (bin Zakaria 1989) Malays were also promoted in the bureaucracy and new paramilitary formation. (Case 2000) With the defeat of Japan and the return of the British colonial government, Chinese had acquired a new stature as guerrilla heroes. Accordingly, it could be expected that the Malays, the bumiputra, would demand for an affirmation of its dominance on the region. The racism attached to the Malay Nationalism was clearer at this point. Racism, which is directed against a population regarded as a minority, is defined as internal racism. According to Balibar (1988), it is useful to characterize certain racist posture as auto-referential (those in which the bearers of the prejudice, exercising physical or symbolic violence, designate themselves as representatives of a superior race). Nationalism and racism are conceptually separated to each other. However, there are sound evidences showing that these two ideologies are highly related. Strong elements of racism can be pointed out in, at least, some forms of nationalism. According to Etienne Balibar (1991), racism is always implied in the nationalist movements. When people in a nation share the same language, skin color, the sense of nationalism is often overlapped with racism. During the early independence, Malays was discontented with the uneven distribution of income among the ethnic groups as a result of the division of occupations. (the domination of Malays in agriculture, whereas the Chinese in commerce activities) Chinese accumulated considerable wealth due to the rapid expansion of the commerce activities. The income gap between the Chinese and the Malays was significant. In 1970, the Chinese has a mean income of RM467.50 while Malay has a mean income of only RM313.20. (Ikemoto 1985: 347-367) In 1969, Chinese dominated political party made a significant gain in opposition to the Malay controlled party in the general election.   On May 13, right after the result of the election was released, when members of the winning party marched through some largely Malay areas, the riot broke out. The Malays and the Chinese killed each other. May 13 incident was the most dismaying racial riot happened in the history of Malaysia. It has become the turning point of the racial relation where the implementation of the racist policies started. (Gray 2007) Calling for addressing the root of the conflict, the New Economic Policy started in the 1971 under Prime Minister Tun Abdul Razak, who is from UMNO, the main Malay political party. In fact, the policies and regulations of NEP were, in some senses, reaffirming the Malay superiority over other races. It has affected not only Malaysian economy but also education and the social structure. (Koon 1997: 262-292) NEP is indeed the product of the new Malay Malaysian Nationalism. The ambitious but controversial New Economic Policy (NEP) was launched in 1971 with two main objectives: to eradicate the poverty and to correct the economic imbalances among the ethnic groups. This set of policies has completely traumatized the Chinese and Indian communities. Since its implementation, criticism was overthrown. It has been accused of affirming the Malay Supremacy by reducing the status of the non-Malay citizens. The NEP ended in 1991 but most of the tangible economic privileges it reserved for the Malays are still ongoing until now. The education policy in the New Economic Policy has had the greatest impact on the social structure of the country. One phase to social and economic transformation of the Malays is only through education, not equity participation. You take care of education and they will have enough to participate in the capital market, former Finance Minister of Malaysia, Tun Daim Zainuddin justified the priority granted for the Malays in his speech on the Issues Facing the Malays. (Caballero-Anthony 2006) The policy was aimed at creating more opportunities for higher education through admission policy for the Malays and indigenous residents. However, while they are guaranteed high-quality education the educational opportunity for non-Malay citizens are brutally and radically reduced. For the past 30 years, Malaysia has been the only Asian country that officially discriminates against a certain group of citizens in matters of education. In 1962, the enrolment to the University of Malaya by ethnicity was   60% Chinese, 20% Malay and 20% Indians and Others. The ethnic quota system of 55:45 in favor of the Malays and indigenous residents was established as part of NEP in 1971. In the same year, the participation rate of Malay students was already equal to that of Chinese students at about 44%. (Mukherjee 2000) In fact, most of the other public university admitted more Malay students than the specified quota of 55%. The criteria for the entrance of local public university is also the main obstacle to the non-Malay students. Matriculation program and Malaysian High Certificate of Education (STPM) are the two ways of entering the public university after the high school education. Whereas, matriculation program reserves around 90% of the places for the Malays and indigenous residents. (Lee 2005) In addition, by examining the grading system, it is relatively an easier way for student to be admitted to the local public uni versity. As a result, Malay students are advantaged and non-Malay students are discouraged. Many non-malay students instead choose to study abroad. This has led to a significant outflow of human capital, especially elites, because students often settle down for the rest of their life after their studies. Another racist part of the New Economic Policy is the housing quota system. To encourage more Malays and indigenous residents to own property, housing policy requires the Malaysian housing developers to set aside at least 30% of their development housing for Malays as well as provide a discount of 5-15%. After 30 years of the implementation of the policy, lots reserved are often released to the open market upon the approval by the State government. (Real Estate and Housing Developers Association Malaysia 2012) It has resulted in increasing of property ownership by the Malays but also the economic inefficiency. New Economic Policy favors Malays economic opportunities by the quota system of ownership. What has had the greatest impact on the Chinese business community is the target of NEP of increasing Malays share of economic ownership from 2.4% (in 1969) to 30% to achieve a 30:40:30 welfare ratio of Bumiputra, other Malaysian, and foreign ownership within a 20-year time frame. (Leong 1992) Such an intensive redistribution of wealth has been hastened by the legislature restriction. In contrast, no official assistance was offered to non-Bumiputra to achieve the goal of acquiring 40% of the national wealth. It has hugely reduced the incentive for the Chinese in their business activities. Conclusion Yet, most of the criticisms are based on the issue that the non-Malays under the poverty line are not benefitted by the NEP called for eradicating poverty. Robert Kuok Hock Nien, Malaysian Chinese, once the richest person in the South East Asia, started focusing his investment overseas by reducing its portion in Malaysia after a series of new business restrictions favoring the Malays been implemented. ** There are Chinese under poverty line but the government did not address them. *** People are qualified for the benefit according to their race, instead of their economic position. Conclusion.

Therapeutic Techniques

THEORY AND PRACTICE OF COUNSELING AND PSYCHOTHERAPY Gerald Corey Section 5 APPLICATION: THERAPEUTIC TECHNIQUES AND PROCEDURES The redecision therapy model of the Gouldings (1979) is grounded within the framework of TA theory, yet their methods are a combination of TA, Gestalt therapy, interactive group therapy, cognitive behavior therapy, family therapy, and psychodrama. Realizing the importance of combining the affective and the cognitive dimensions, the Gouldings draw heavily from TA heory for cognitive structure, and they use Gestalt techniques to provide the emotional work that breaks through the impasses clients often experience. Following is a brief description of some of the more commonly used processes, procedures, and techniques in TA practice. Most of them can be applied to both individual and group counseling. Therapeutic Procedures Structural analysis Structural analysis is a tool by which a person becomes aware of the content and functioning of his or her Parent, Adult, and Child.TA clients learn how to identify their own ego states. Structural analysis helps them resolve patterns that they feel stuck with. It allows them to find out which ego state their behavior is based on. With that knowledge they can determine their options. Transactional Analysis Two problems related to the structure of personality can be considered by structural analysis: contamination and exclusion. Contamination exists when the contents of one ego state are mixed with those of another. For example, the Parent, the Child, or both may intrude within the oundaries of the Adult ego state and interfere with the clear thinking and functioning of the Adult. (Figure 1). Contamination from the Parent is typically manifested through prejudiced ideas and attitudes; contamination from the Child involves distorted perceptions of reality. When contamination of the Adult by the Parent, the Child, or both exists, â€Å"boundary work† is called for so that the demarcation of each eg o state can be clearly drawn. When the ego-state boundaries are realigned, he person understands his or her Child and Parent rather than being contaminated by them. Here are some statements reflecting contamination from the Parent: â€Å"Don’t mix with people who are not of our kind†; â€Å"Never trust Italians†; â€Å"Watch out for mechanics; they’ll cheat you every time†; â€Å"You can’t depend on teenagers. † The following statements reflect contamination from the Child: â€Å"Everyone’s always picking on me. Nobody treats me right†; â€Å"Anything I want I should get right now†; â€Å"Who could possibly ever want to be my friend? †

Essay On Biotechnology - 1520 Words

Current advances in biotechnology through massively parallel sequencing, or Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), has allowed for the investigation and in-depth sequencing of the human genome particularly for the study of biological markers, translational research and genotyping. Upon discovery of cell-free DNA in maternal plasma, implementation of Non-invasive Prenatal Testing, or NIFTY/NIPT, has been actively performed throughout the globe to test for fetal chromosomal abnormalities, particularly Down’s syndrome. Detection rates of fetal aneuploidies can be done in the first and/or second trimester – as early as 4 weeks of gestation, however, most accurate results are found at 7 weeks of gestation. The high accuracy rate of detection of†¦show more content†¦Each clinic has set several standards and cut-off ranges in order to reduce the rate of false positive that is dependent on the age of the pregnant mother and the ranges set by the clinic itself (De Jong, A., Dondorp, W. J., et.al., 2010). The age of a pregnant woman can cause high-risk scenarios and increases the chance of fetal abnormalities. A study conducted by Dr. C. Lewis and associates (2014) have shown that most pregnant women seeking NIPT were typically older, predominately white, and well-educated. Furthermore, with the utilization of NIPT worldwide, there are various factors contributing towards higher aneuploidy rates, especially in lower middle class communities, urban areas, and the slums. Dr. C. Lewis and associates (2014) produced statistics that have found that there are typically higher rates of aneuploidy in rural and urban areas because women tend to marry or conceive children at age 35 and older. Likewise, due to high consanguineous marriage rates in many parts of the Middle East, there is a higher incident and increased rate of delivering a child with birth defects or a genetic disorder (Allyse, M., Minear, M., et. al, 2015). These studies have supported that although the number of cases associated with children born with a genetic disorder is unknown, there is a high correlation associated with increased age of conception of the mother with some growing evidence of high paternal age as well, thus leading to high terminationShow MoreRelated Biotechnology Essay763 Words   |  4 Pages Biotechnology nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Over the past decade, Biotechnology has advanced much to the advantage of many people. We have learned that with certain chemicals, we are able to cut-and-paste the DNA of certain organisms, and alter them to comply to our sociable needs. 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Literary Criticism On Hemingway s The Three Day Blow ...

Literary Criticism on Hemingway In American Literature, messages and themes are included in most writings using literary lenses.. The messages give of lessons for life, love, death and other ideas. Ernest Hemingway is a well known American author that wrote â€Å"The Three Day Blow† and â€Å"Indian Camp†. Marxism, inspired by Karl Marx, is one lens that focuses on the social classes and the whom the work is benefiting. Another lens, the psychoanalytic len, is based on the subconscious’ craving inspired by Sigmund Freud. These lenses are both present in Hemingway’s short stories. Thus, the underlying messages in Ernest Hemingway’s literature shows the meaning behind the subconscious desires and the struggle between social classes. The desire behind all actions is lying deep within the subconscious. In Hemingway’s short story, â€Å"The Three Day Blow†, two boys had a conversation about each other’s father, â€Å"‘How is y our dad?’ he asked respectfully. ‘He’s all right,’ Bill said, ‘He get a little wild sometimes.’ ‘He’s a swell guy,’ Nick said†¦ ‘My old man’s all right,’ Nick said. ‘You’re damn right he is,† said Bill† (3). The boys are not sure about their own fathers but are happy to talk about each other’s. This is a deeply rooted concept in their minds from when they were little. Their instincts are driven sexually according to Sigmund Freud and they respond to their role models with passion that will transfer into their search for a future partner. The two boys find the other’s fatherShow MoreRelatedEssay on Biographical References in and Hemingways Male Characters3950 Words   |  16 Pagesmale figures, Ernest Hemingway teases the reader by drawing biographical parallels to his own life. That is, he uses characters such as Nick Adams throughout many of his literary wo rks in order to play off of his own strengths as well as weaknesses: Nick, like Hemingway, is perceptive and bright but also insecure. Nick Adams as well as other significant male characters, such as Frederick Henry in A Farewell to Arms and Jake Barnes in The Sun Also Rises personifies Hemingway in a sequential manner

Moving Canadian Governmental Policies Beyond A Focus On...

In order for health promotion to achieve its goal, programs that promote and support change have to be implemented before individual health issues arise. The individual based treatment and lifestyle programs that are predominant in Canada often do not contribute to social change and have limited societal effect. The paper by Alvaro entitled â€Å"Moving Canadian governmental policies beyond a focus on individual lifestyle: some insights from complexity and critical theories† argues that Canadian health policy is focused on promoting individual lifestyle change and neglects, or to a lesser degree overlooks, societal and economic issues, both of which are factors prevention programs consider. Alvaro argues that governments should refocus their efforts towards programs that remedy societal and economic issues that affect health. This argument is made by referencing reputable studies and sources, employing logical reasoning, and addressing issues that may evoke an emotional respo nse in the public. First, Alvaro is unequivocal in her argument, which is supported by numerous research studies. Her paper was funded by the Canadian Institute of Health Research which is the Government of Canada s health research investment agency (CIHR) which indicates the relevance and importance of the issue to national health. Alvaro references research published in peer reviewed sources that appeals to ethos such as the International Journal of Public Health, the Canadian Journal of Public Health andShow MoreRelatedAn Organizing Framework For Interprofessional Global Health Education6446 Words   |  26 Pageshealth and achieving equity in health for all people worldwide. 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In addition, at March  19, 2012, the registrant had outstanding 32,501,680 shares of special voting stock, through which the holders of exchangeable shares of Lulu Canadian Holding, Inc. may exercise their voting rights with respect to the registrant.Read MoreCase: Chester Wayne Essay18738 Words   |  75 Pagesour fifth annual Global Sustainability Report, as well as our 21st public report to include health, safety and environmental performance. 1 Issues Covered /Trends Kodak is continually evaluating our sustainability priorities and aligning our focus with our current business model. Through observation and participation in various industry groups and associations, we monitor trends and benchmarks, review rating agencies’ commentaries and listen to subject matter experts in order to identify substantiveRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words   |  534 Pagesvolume by the editor/s as well as the compilation itself. It does not cover the individual selections herein that first appeared elsewhere. ii Permission to reprint these has been obtained by Pearson Custom Publishing for this edition only. Further reproduction by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, must be arranged with the individual copyright holders noted. This special edition published in cooperation withRead MoreOliberte Marketing Plan13181 Words   |  53 Pagesplus attitudes and practices 6. PESTEL 7. Risk Analysis B. Firm Analysis 1. Brief history of the company and stage of internationalization 2. SWOT Analysis 3. Stakeholder Analysis 4. Product Development and Product Extension 5. Pricing and Financial Policy 6. Internet and E-commerce 7. Organizational Structure C. Competitor Analysis 1. Competitive Positioning: Direct and Indirect Competitors 2. Market Share Distribution 3. Future Competition – Direct and Indirect Competitor 4. 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Joint Commission Accreditation Audit Preparation Free Essays

Joint Commission Accreditation Audit Preparation Compliance Status for â€Å"Communication† Priority Focus Area Executive Summary In preparation for the next Joint Commission Accreditation Audit, Nightingale Community Hospital is assessing the compliance status of each of the Joint Commission’s Priority Focus Areas (PFAs). This Assessment covers the â€Å"Communication† Joint Commission PFA. For the previous Joint Commission audit, there were no findings associated with this standard. We will write a custom essay sample on Joint Commission Accreditation Audit Preparation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Since The Hospital has recently undergone a great deal of staff turnover in the Standards and Communication Department, several of the Hospital Directors felt that this may be an area that has slipped in relation to compliance with this PFA. The Communication PFA is comprised of three general standards: †¢UP. 01. 01. 01 Conduct a pre-procedure verification process. †¢UP. 01. 02. 01 Mark the procedure site. †¢UP. 01. 03. 01 A time-out is performed before the procedure. Each of these standards has elements of performance that Nightingale Community Hospital should be implementing through policies, protocols and checklists. Compliance with the performance elements s summarized in a compliance matrix. The matrix identifies the standard, the performance elements of the standard, and how the performance element is implemented. This matrix is an effective tool to assess where compliance gaps exist and it forms the basis for developing corrective action plans. The compliance matrix for the Communication standard in included at the end of this summary. Nightingale Community Hospital is implementing most of the performance standards. There is no documented implementation for the following performance elements. †¢Labeled diagnostic and radiology test results (for example, radiology images and scans, or pathology and biopsy reports) that are properly displayed (UP. 01. 01. 01) †¢When two or more procedures are being performed on the same patient, and the person performing the procedure changes, perform a time-out before each procedure is initiated. (UP. 01. 03. 01) The Hospital is out of compliance with element of performance 3 under standard UP. 01. 02. 01. This performance element should be implemented in the Site Identification and Verification Protocol. The protocol does not identify who is responsible for marking. Additionally, the protocol specifically states that marking is not required for bedside procedures if provider is present the entire time. This flexibility is not allowed in the standard. In addition to these deficiencies, two opportunities for improvement were identified. The Handoff procedure checklist is a useful tool, but there is no mention of this checklist in the Site Identification and Verification Protocol. Also, the Protocol does not address premature infants and the allowance to not perform marking when the mark may cause a permanent tattoo A corrective action plan will be focused on ensuring that the identified noncompliances are corrected and evaluating opportunities for improvement. Specific elements of the corrective action plan are: 1)Revise the Site Identification and Verification Protocol to remove the incorrect information on bedside procedures. Target completion Date: 2/1/2012. Actionee: Standards and Communication Director. 2)Revise the Handoff Checklist to include â€Å"labeled diagnostic and radiology test results (e. . , radiology images and scans, or pathology and biopsy reports)†. Target completion Date: 4/1/2012. Actionee: Standards and Communication Director. 3)Revise the Site Identification and Verification Protocol to include reference to the Handoff Checklist. Target completion Date: 4/1/2012. Actionee: Standards and Communication Director. The results of th is corrective action plan will be examined approximately six months prior to the Joint Commission audit. That will give adequate time to develop and implement further corrective actions, if necessary. How to cite Joint Commission Accreditation Audit Preparation, Papers

Changing Organizational Culture Management and Organization

Question: Discuss about the Changing Organizational Culture for Management and Organization. Answer: Introduction To perform well in the external market, the internal environment of the organization should be maintained properly (Alvesson 2012). The employees need to feel good about their work and about the organization. An organization should employ proper culture so that the employees feel good about the organization and eventually become committed towards the organization (Ostroff and Schulte 2014). The report will evaluate the factors that will help in building a healthy culture in the organization. In addition to this, the problem that are revolving in Woolworths will be assessed in the report. The factors that will help in creating a healthy culture will be suggested for the organization. If Woolworths follows a proper culture within the organization, then chances of commitment issues will be less in the organization and help the company grow in a positive manner. Culture brings commitment Culture not only relates to the social perspective but also the way the employees are treated in an organization. The beliefs, key values, symbols and the expectations of the organization help in creating the culture of the organization (Alvesson and Sveningsson 2015). The employees will feel connected with the organization once they will be able to work in a healthy environment. Once they will feel connected with the organization, eventually they will become committed to the organization. Some types of culture that would help in building the idea of commitment among the employees are: Transparency The senior management should share detail the junior employees need to know to carry out the work (Bedarkar et al. 2016). On the other hand, the employees should feel free to share their ideas and suggestion with the senior management. When the employees and the senior employees will be transparent with each other, the employees will become committed with the organization. Trust The employees should not feel that they are being cheated by the organization (Zohar and Hofmann 2012). The employees should not be punished if the person admits a mistake and speaks the truth. Thus, the employees will be able to trusts the organization and vice versa. In this way, the employees will be committed towards the organization and the organization will be benefitted by the commitment. Fairness Treating the employee fairly without any discrimination is one of the key factors that will help an organization to function properly (Hogan and Coote 2014). There should be no discrimination among the employees based on caste, religion, ethnicity or gender. The employees should feel equal in the organization and once they will see that the company is not discriminating them based on the mentioned factors that will committed towards the organization. In addition to this, the company should support diversity. They should employ staffs who belong to different cultures (Nica 2013). One team should have employees from different cultural backgrounds. In this way, they will learn to work with diverse cultural backgrounds and the eventually contribute for the enhancement of the business of the organization. Learning and sharing The employees should be supported so that they are able to learn freely in the organization and share their ideas (Alvesson 2012). A new employee should be given proper training so that the individual is able to learn the work well. Once the employee will be supported through proper training they will be committed to the organization they are working for (Ostroff and Schulte 2014). Issues at Woolworths There has been a purge in the meeting when Gordon cairns, the chairman of the organization announced that Jayne Hrdlicka, the director of the organization will not be working in the company anymore (Woolworths and Greenhalgh 2016). The dismissal of Jayne Hrdlicka reminded the staffs of the organization about the walk-out of the former directors, David Mackay, Christine Cross and Ian Macfarlane and Ralph Waters, the former chairman of the organization. The dismissal does not have any proper reason and the many times, the senior employees are not aware of the mistakes however, it is termed as board renewal and the steps are taken by the organization. The sudden dismissal could have resulted in serious commitment issues among the staffs (Alvesson and Sveningsson 2015). When the junior employees will see that the people like the directors and the chairman is not being spared by the company, they would become insecure about their position in the organization (Bedarkar et al. 2016). They would not be staying long in the organization and the quality of the services for the organization will be hampered. The above-mentioned issues can be tackled in the organization by maintaining a transparency in the organization. Before the senior management is taking any decision for the organization, then reason behind taking such decision should be clearly communicated to the employees (Zohar and Hofmann 2012). Once the employees will know the reason behind the changes in the organization, they will be satisfied that the organization is communicating with them (Hogan and Coote 2014). In addition to this, organization should aim at building the trust among the employees. The sudden dismissal will result in creating an unhealthy culture in the organization (Nica 2013). The trust among the employees will remain intact once the sudden dismissals will be stopped (Alvesson 2012). The employees who are being dismissed will spread a negative word of mouth and eventually Woolworths will have bad name in the market (Ostroff and Schulte 2014). Conclusion Some of the factors that have been identified to maintain a healthy culture in an organization are maintaining the transparency among the employees, building trust, fairness among the employee and training the employees to perform better in the organization. The employees will be happy if the mentioned steps are taken in the organization and hence, it will help in building the sense of commitment among the employees. Woolworths is missed certain senior employees without any prior notice. This created commitment issues within the organization. If the company had been transparent in its actions and have trusted the employees, then it might have stopped the issues of commitment among the employees in the company. References Alvesson, M. and Sveningsson, S., 2015.Changing organizational culture: Cultural change work in progress. Routledge. Alvesson, M., 2012.Understanding organizational culture. Sage. Bedarkar, M., Pandita, D., Agarwal, R. and Saini, R., 2016. Examining the Impact of Organizational Culture on Customer Centricity in Organizations: An Analysis.Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management,9(2), pp.19-28. Hogan, S.J. and Coote, L.V., 2014. Organizational culture, innovation, and performance: A test of Schein's model.Journal of Business Research,67(8), pp.1609-1621. Nica, E., 2013. Organizational culture in the public sector.Economics, Management and Financial Markets, 8(2), p.179. Ostroff, C. and Schulte, M., 2014. A configural approach to the study of organizational culture and climate. 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